Y-DNA Haplogroup
Human Y chromosome DNA, Y-DNA, haplogroups represent the major branches of the phylogenetic tree for all human paternally traced lineages, based on Y chromosome and its SNP mutations.
Haplogroup tree[edit]
Haplogroups[edit]
The present main Y-DNA haplogroups in the ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree* are:
Haplogroup A (Y-DNA), Haplogroup B (Y-DNA), Haplogroup C (Y-DNA), Haplogroup D (Y-DNA), Haplogroup E (Y-DNA),
Haplogroup F (Y-DNA), Haplogroup G (Y-DNA), Haplogroup H (Y-DNA), Haplogroup I (Y-DNA), Haplogroup J (Y-DNA),
Haplogroup K (Y-DNA), Haplogroup L (Y-DNA), Haplogroup M (Y-DNA), Haplogroup N (Y-DNA), Haplogroup O (Y-DNA),
Haplogroup P (Y-DNA), Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA), Haplogroup R (Y-DNA), Haplogroup S (Y-DNA), Haplogroup T (Y-DNA).
These main Y-DNA haplogroups are arranged in the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. The tree below is linked to the ISOGG Y-DNA Tree Trunk 2017*.
• A00
• A0-T
• • A0
• • A1
• • • A1*
• • • A1a
• • • A1b
• • • • A1b*
• • • • A1b1
• • • • • B
• • • • • • • D
• • • • • • • E
• • • • • • • C
• • • • • • • F
• • • • • • • • • G
• • • • • • • • • • H
• • • • • • • • • • • • I
• • • • • • • • • • • • J
• • • • • • • • • • • K
• • • • • • • • • • • • • L
• • • • • • • • • • • • • T
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • N
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • O
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • S
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • M
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • P
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Q
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • R
- Reference: International Society of Genetic Genealogy (2015). Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2017, Version: 12.213 Date: 10 August 2017, http://www.isogg.org/tree/ [Date of access: 10 August, 2017].
Y-DNA publications[edit]
See also the ISOGG Y-DNA Papers Cited list.
[PMID 25468874
] The Y-Chromosome Tree Bursts into Leaf: 13,000 High-Confidence SNPs Covering the Majority of Known Clades.
[PMID 24395829] An unbiased resource of novel SNP markers provides a new chronology for the human Y chromosome and reveals a deep phylogenetic structure in Africa.
[PMID 24346185] Phylogenetic applications of whole Y-chromosome sequences and the Near Eastern origin of Ashkenazi Levites.
[PMID 24278350] Tracing Arab-Islamic inheritance in Madagascar: study of the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA in the Antemoro.
[PMID 24204668] Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge.
[PMID 23948323] High resolution mapping of Y haplogroup G in Tyrol (Austria).
[PMID 23908240] Low-pass DNA sequencing of 1200 Sardinians reconstructs European Y-chromosome phylogeny.
[PMID 23908239] Sequencing Y chromosomes resolves discrepancy in time to common ancestor of males versus females.
[PMID 22586127] Y-chromosome analysis reveals genetic divergence and new founding native lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-speaking populations.
[PMID 22281367] Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome variation provides evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians.
[PMID 22275152] The dual origin of Tati-speakers from Dagestan as written in the genealogy of uniparental variants.
[PMID 21601174] A revised root for the human Y chromosomal phylogenetic tree: the origin of patrilineal diversity in Africa.
[PMID 21571925] Parallel evolution of genes and languages in the Caucasus region.
[PMID 21478374] Signatures of the preagricultural peopling processes in sub-Saharan Africa as revealed by the phylogeography of early Y chromosome lineages.
[PMID 22586127] Y-chromosome variation in Altaian Kazakhs reveals a common paternal gene pool for Kazakhs and the influence of Mongolian expansions.
[PMID 20877414] The Y-chromosome landscape of the Philippines: extensive heterogeneity and varying genetic affinities of Negrito and non-Negrito groups.
[PMID 20732840] Strong intra- and inter-continental differentiation revealed by Y chromosome SNPs M269, U106 and U152.
[PMID 20051990] Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages.
[PMID 20531471] The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people.
[PMID 20087410] A predominantly neolithic origin for European paternal lineages.
[PMID 19920170] Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution.
[PMID 19170200] A Y-chromosomal comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary).
[PMID 19107149] Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in Southeast Europe.
[PMID 19061982] The genetic legacy of religious diversity and intolerance: paternal lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula.
[PMID 18385274] New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree.
[PMID 18449920] Recurrent mutation in SNPs within Y chromosome E3b (E-M215) haplogroup: a rebuttal.
[PMID 18179905] Two sources of the Russian patrilineal heritage in their Eurasian context.
[PMID 17928816] Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman.
[PMID 17786594] YAP insertion signature in South Asia.
[PMID 17351267] Tracing past human male movements in northern/eastern Africa and western Eurasia: new clues from Y-chromosomal haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12.
[PMID 17185165] Y-chromosome genotyping and genetic structure of Zhuang populations.
[PMID 16835895] Molecular dissection of the Y chromosome haplogroup E-M78 (E3b1a): a posteriori evaluation of a microsatellite-network-based approach through six new biallelic markers.
[PMID 16759179] Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns.
[PMID 16626331] Population structure in the Mediterranean basin: a Y chromosome perspective.
[PMID 16378340] Y-chromosome diversity is inversely associated with language affiliation in paired Austronesian- and Papuan-speaking communities from Solomon Islands.
[PMID 16261343] Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions.
[PMID 16094307] The place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome diversity landscape.
[PMID 16026953] The case of the unreliable SNP: recurrent back-mutation of Y-chromosomal marker P25 through gene conversion.
[PMID 15322918] Y chromosomal haplogroup J as a signature of the post-neolithic colonization of Europe.
[PMID 15173934] Evolution and migration history of the Chinese population inferred from Chinese Y-chromosome evidence.
[PMID 15042509] Phylogeographic analysis of haplogroup E3b (E-M215) y chromosomes reveals multiple migratory events within and out of Africa.
[PMID 14740294] Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations.
[PMID 14586639] Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia.
[PMID 12900798] Y-chromosome evidence for differing ancient demographic histories in the Americas.
[PMID 11910562] A back migration from Asia to sub-Saharan Africa is supported by high-resolution analysis of human Y-chromosome haplotypes.
[PMID 11526236] The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity.
[PMID 11078479] Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language.
[PMID 11073453] The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective.
[PMID 10521311] Recent male-mediated gene flow over a linguistic barrier in Iberia, suggested by analysis of a Y-chromosomal DNA polymorphism.
[PMID 9331370] Detection of numerous Y chromosome biallelic polymorphisms by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.
[PMID 9150165] Genetic relationships of Asians and Northern Europeans, revealed by Y-chromosomal DNA analysis.
[PMID 8923005] Recurrent duplication and deletion polymorphisms on the long arm of the Y chromosome in normal males.
