Type-1 diabetes

Wikipedia's article on type-1 diabetes (T1D) is a good starting point.

The article at emedicine is written by a doctor for a general audience, and omim provides a summary for researchers.

Classically, the highest risk factor for type-1 diabetes is associated with HLA genotypes DR3/4 and DQ8. SNPs rs2040410 and rs7454108 encode the corresponding alleles, and a genoset (Gs121) evaluates Promethease users to assess whether they are DR3/4 or DQ8 carriers.

Genes likely to affect susceptibility include the following. [PMID 19430480]

• IL10
• IL19
• IL20
• IL27
• GLIS3
• CD69

Many other SNPs may contribute to the likelihood and severity of type-1 diabetes, including:

• Twelve SNPs published in 2007 from a large, multi-lab consortium's effort [PMID 17554300]:
  • rs6679677
  • rs9272346
  • rs11171739
  • rs17696736
  • rs12708716
  • rs2639703
  • rs17388568
  • rs2544677
  • rs17166496
  • rs2104286
  • rs11052552
  • rs2542151

• rs7574865 is associated with type-1 diabetes in addition to multiple autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus

• rs3087243 is the best studied SNP in the negative regulator CTLA4 linked to Type-1 diabetes in some populations. [PMID 15629882]

• A particular mutation raises risk 80%

• rs237025 may increase the risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.[PMID 17374705]

• rs3772534 has been reported to increase the risk of T1D (type 1 diabetes) in a Danish population studied, but in a larger English study, this did not replicate [PMID 17209142]

• rs1990760 has some association with T1D [PMID 16699517]

• rs2296336, a SNP in the ITPR3 gene, is associated with T1D in a Swedish population [PMID 16960798]

Islet transplantation seems to be emerging as an effective treatment [1]

Type 1 Diabetes

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16929349&itool=pubmed_DocSum

NEJM Shared and Distinct Genetic Variants in type-1 diabetes and celiac disease

• rs11594656
• rs11755527
• rs12708716
• rs12722495
• rs1464510
• rs1738074
• rs17810546
• rs1799864
• rs1893217
• rs1990760
• rs2069763
• rs2292239
• rs229541
• rs2476601
• rs2816316
• rs3087243
• rs3184504
• rs333
• rs3788013
• rs3825932
• rs41295061
• rs45450798
• rs478582
• rs6441961
• rs6822844
• rs689
• rs6897932
• rs763361
• rs917997
• rs947474
• rs9811792

DeCode reports that the following SNPs also contribute to susceptibility to T1D:

• rs1465788
• rs4900384
• rs7202877
• rs757411
• rs425105
• rs5753037
• rs10517086
• rs7804356
• rs9388489
• rs4763879
• rs2664170
• rs3129934
• rs3024505
• rs4788084
• rs3741208
• rs725613
• rs2290400
• rs3746722